Humayun
Nasirrudin Muhammad Humayun was born on the 6th March, 1508.
Humayun became emperor in December 1530, at the age of 23.
The name “Humayun” means “fortunate”.
Humayun was a skilled mathematician, in battle was steady and brave and was described as kind hearted and generous.
Humayun faced lots of opposition as his brothers and cousins all wanted to rule. When Babur had died, he had divided his land between his family.
Kamran, one brother, had been given Kabul and Kandahar, but he was not content with this and started invading other areas.
Kamran invaded the Punjab and at the same time the cousins began rebelling against Humayun. Humanyun successfully put down the rebellion.
The Afghan leader, Sher Khan then began to attack Humayun and defeated Humayun in several battles.
Humayun had to escape to the province of Sind with his one loyal brother Hindal, and lost his empire.
At Sind, Humayun met his wife, Hamida. She was 14, he was 33.
Humayun was then in exile, ending up in the desert of Rajasthan. He had lost all of his support, had only seven horsemen and didn’t even have a change of clothes. At this point his wife Hamida gave birth to their son, Akbar.
Sher Khan, who had defeated Humayun, died in battle. His young sons took over the throne, but were killed by their cousin, Mubariz Khan, but he could not control the kingdom and was defeated in battle in 1537.
Whilst this had been happening, Humayun had gone to Persia (Iran). The Shah of Persia gave Humayun his support, and an army.
Humayun was joined by his brother Hindal and his cousins, and they fought against their other brother Kamran to regain control of Sind.
Humayun and Kamran fought for ten years to control Kabul. Humayun finally defeated Kamran. Kamran tried to get other chiefs to support him against Humayun, but Humayun found out. Humayun had to act against his brother. Humayun had Kamran blinded. Kamran then went on pilgrimage to Mecca, where he died in 1557.
By July 1555 Humayun had regained the Mughal empire, but he died in January 1556.